\(A=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-2\right)=\dfrac{1-a+b}{b}+\dfrac{1-b+a}{a}\)

Vì \(a^2+b^2=1\) và \(a,b>0\Leftrightarrow0< a< 1;0< b< 1\Leftrightarrow1+a-b>0;1-b+a>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1-a+b\right)\left(1-b+a\right)}{ab}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1-a^2-b^2+2ab}{ab}}=2\sqrt{2}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=1\\\dfrac{1-a+b}{b}=\dfrac{1-b+a}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

chuyển mỗi biểu thức trong cân về cùng bậc 2 ta có:

\(a+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{4}=a\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{4}=a^2+a\left(b+c\right)+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2-4ab}{4}\)

\(=\left(a+\frac{b+c}{2}\right)^2-bc\le\left(a+\frac{b+c}{2}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{2}}\le a+\frac{b+c}{2}\)

tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{b+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{4}}\le b+\frac{c+a}{2}\\\sqrt{c+\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}}\le c+\frac{a+b}{2}\end{cases}}\)

cộng theo vế của bđt trên ta được

\(P=\sqrt{a+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{4}}+\sqrt{b+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{4}}+\sqrt{c+\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}}\le2\left(a+b+c\right)=2\)

Vậy GTLN của P=2 đạt được khi a=b=0;c=1 và các hoán vị

2: Điểm rơi... đẹp!

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+1\ge2a\\b^2+4\ge4b\\c^2+9\ge6c\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+14\ge2\left(a+2b+3c\right)=28\).

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge14\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 1; b = 2; c = 3.

1: Ta có \(y^2\ge6-x+x-2=4\Rightarrow y\ge2\). 

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = 6 hoặc x = 2

\(y^2\le2\left(6-x+x-2\right)=8\Rightarrow y\le2\sqrt{2}\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = 4.

\(P=2+\dfrac{2}{b}+a+\dfrac{a}{b}+2+\dfrac{2}{a}+b+\dfrac{b}{a}=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2a}\right)+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{2b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{2a}+\dfrac{3}{2b}\right)+4\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}+2\sqrt{a.\dfrac{1}{2a}}+2\sqrt{b.\dfrac{1}{2b}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2a}.\dfrac{3}{2b}}+4=6+2\sqrt{2}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{ab}}\)

Ta lại có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2.b^2}=2ab\left(BĐT.Cauchy\right)\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge4ab\Rightarrow\sqrt{ab}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge6+2\sqrt{2}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge6+2\sqrt{2}+\dfrac{3}{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}=6+5\sqrt{2}\)

\(minP=6+5\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+1\right)=4\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}=3\)

\(\text{Ta có:}M\ge a+b\Rightarrow2M+2\ge a+b+a+1+b+1\ge2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\text{theo cô si}\right)=6\)

\(\Rightarrow M\ge2\left(\text{dấu "=" xảy ra khi:}a=b=1\right)\)

a) \(A=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\le\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2=2a+2b\le2\)

Vậy GTLN của A là 2 \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}\\a+b=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}}\)

b) Ta có : \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4\le\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^4=2\left(a^2+b^2+6ab\right)\)

Tương tự : \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+c^2+6ac\right)\)

\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+d^2+6ad\right)\)

\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4\le2\left(b^2+c^2+6bc\right)\)

\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(b^2+d^2+6bd\right)\)

\(\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(c^2+d^2+6cd\right)\)

Cộng các vế lại, ta được :

\(B\le6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bd+2cd+2bc\right)=6\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow B\le6\)

Vậy GTLN của B là 6 \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}=\sqrt{c}=\sqrt{d}\\a+b+c+d=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{4}\)

Bài 2:

a) \(\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+\left|x+4\right|+\left|x+5\right|-6x=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+\left|x+4\right|+\left|x+5\right|=6x\)

Ta có: \(\left|x+1\right|\ge0;\left|x+2\right|\ge0;\left|x+4\right|\ge0;\left|x+5\right|\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+\left|x+4\right|+\left|x+5\right|\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow6x\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+2\right|+\left|x+4\right|+\left|x+5\right|=x+1+x+2+x+4+x+5=6x\)

\(\Rightarrow4x+12=6x\)

\(\Rightarrow2x=12\)

\(\Rightarrow x=6\)

Vậy x = 6

b) Giải:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{x-2}{2}=\frac{y-3}{3}=\frac{z-3}{4}=\frac{2y-6}{6}=\frac{3z-9}{12}=\frac{x-2-2y+6+3z-9}{2-6+12}=\frac{\left(x-2y+3z\right)-\left(2-6+9\right)}{8}\)

\(=\frac{14-5}{8}=\frac{9}{8}\)

+) \(\frac{x-2}{2}=\frac{9}{8}\Rightarrow x-2=\frac{9}{4}\Rightarrow x=\frac{17}{4}\)

+) \(\frac{y-3}{3}=\frac{9}{8}\Rightarrow y-3=\frac{27}{8}\Rightarrow y=\frac{51}{8}\)

+) \(\frac{z-3}{4}=\frac{9}{8}\Rightarrow z-3=\frac{9}{2}\Rightarrow z=\frac{15}{2}\)

Vậy ...

c) \(5^x+5^{x+1}+5^{x+2}=3875\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x+5^x.5+5^x.5^2=3875\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x.\left(1+5+5^2\right)=3875\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x.31=3875\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x=125\)

\(\Rightarrow5^x=5^3\)

\(\Rightarrow x=3\)

Vậy x = 3

Bài 1 hình như sai đề bạn ạ?